Understanding Oil Paints: Pigments, Oils, and Mediums

Oil paint is made by mixing dry pigment powder with a drying oil, most commonly linseed oil. The type of oil affects drying time, gloss, and durability. Artists also use mediums such as turpentine, mineral spirits, or stand oil to adjust the consistency and flow of the paint. Understanding these materials is essential for anyone who wants to master hand-painted oil painting. For example, adding more oil makes the paint glossy and slow-drying, while adding solvent makes it thinner and faster-drying. A good knowledge of pigments and mediums helps artists avoid problems like cracking, yellowing, or uneven drying.